Ablatio retina is a state of loss of sensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium (RIDE). This situation is a serious eye problems and can occur at any age, though usually occurs in middle age or older.
Retinal ablatio retinas are more likely to occur in people who suffer from nearsightedness (myopia) and in people who have family members who have had retinal ablatio retinas. Retinal ablatio retinas can also be caused by other eye diseases, such as tumors, severe inflammation, caused by trauma or as a complication of diabetes. If no action is taken promptly, retinal ablatio retinas can lead to defects of vision or blindness that persisted. The retina is a thin, transparent tissue that is sensitive to light, which consists of cells and nerve fibers. The retina lines the inner wall of the eye, acts like film in the camera image, the light will be focused through a lens onto the retina. Retinal cells are sensitive to light is what captures the "image" and channel it to the brain via the optic nerve.
Cause :
Most retinal ablatio retinas are the result of one or more tears or holes in the retina, known as retinal ablatio retinas regmatogen (Rhegmatogenous Retinal Ablatio retina). Sometimes the normal aging process can cause the retina to be thinner and less healthy, but more often lead to damage and tear in the retina is the shrinking of the corpus vitreum, clear materials such as jelly that fills the center of the ball mata.Korpus vitreum firmly attached to the some locations. When the corpus vitreum shrunk, he can pull some of the retina is attached in place, causing a tear or hole in the corpus vitreum retina.Beberapa type of shrinkage is a normal thing happening in the elderly and usually does not cause damage to the retina. Corpus vitreum can also shrink the eyeball which grew into a huge (sometimes this is a result of nearsightedness), by inflammation, or due to trauma. In most cases the new retina loose after a major change in the structure of the corpus vitreum.Bila existing retinal tears, fluid from the corpus vitreum can get into the hole in the retina and can flow between the layers of the sensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium. This fluid will fill the potential gap between the two layers above the retina, resulting in loose. Retinas part will not function properly and in the area or areas arising blurred vision buta.Bentuk other retinal ablatio retinas namely traction retinal ablatio retinas (Traction Retinal Ablatio retina) and exudative retinal ablatio retinas (Exudative Retinal Ablatio retina) generally occur secondary to other diseases. Traction retinal ablatio retinas caused by scar tissue (fibrosis) are attached to the retina. Contraction of the scar tissue may pull the retina, causing retinal ablatio retinas. Exudative retinal ablatio retinas can occur because of damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (the normal state of functioning as an outer barrier), because of the increased permeability of blood vessel walls by various causes, or accumulation of fluid that occurs in the inflammatory process.
Symptom :
Symptoms are often complained of the patient are:
Floaters (floating object visibility). which occurs because of the turbidity in the vitreous by the presence of blood, pigment degeneration of the retina or the vitreous separated itself. Photopsia / Light flashes (flashes of light). in the absence of light sources in the vicinity, which generally occurs when the eye is moved in the dim light or in darkness. Sharp decline in vision. patients complained of his eyesight partially closed curtains as more and more widespread. In a state that has been advanced, can decrease the weight of sharp vision.
There is a kind of parabolic thin curtain that rises slowly from the start the bottom of the eyeball and eventually close the view.
Diagnosis
To determine whether there are retinal detachments then the ophthalmologist will perform a thorough eye examination, especially the inside of the eye. Several checks are performed to determine the integrity of the retina:
Direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy
sharpness of vision
refraction test
Pupillary reflex response
Impaired color recognition
Slit lamp examination
intraocular pressure
ultrasound eye
fluorescence angiography
Elektroretinogram.
Treatment
- Operation
Various kinds of engineering operations, depending on the extent of the loose layer of the retina and damage done, but all designed to get closer to the hole wall of the eye retina, holding that the two networks that remain attached until the scar tissue is formed and attach more tears. Sometimes the fluid must be removed from under the retina to allow the retina back against the back wall of the eye. Often a silicone band or pressure pad placed on the outer wall of the eye to gently push the back wall of the eye onto the retina. In this operation done also acts to create scar tissue that will glue a torn retina, for example by freezing, by laser or with heat diathermy (electrical flow with a needle is inserted). In more complex retinal ablatio retinas may be required technique called vitrektomi. In this operation the corpus vitreum and connective tissue in the retina of the eye that contract issued. In some cases if the retina itself is very wrinkled and shrunk the retina may be pushed to the wall of the eye for a while to fill the cavity that had contained the corpus vitreum with air, gas or silicone oil. More than 90% loss of the retina can be reattached with surgical techniques modern eyes, although sometimes it takes more and one-time operation.
- Prognosis
When the retina successfully reattached eyes will regain some function of vision and total blindness can be prevented. But how far vision can be restored within six months after surgery depends on several factors. In general visual function will recover if fewer retinal ablatio retinas have been long enough or appear on the surface of the retinal tissue growth.
Corpus vitreum that continues to shrink and the emergence of tissue growth on the surface of the retina, not all retinas can be reattached. If the retina can not be reattached, the eye will continue to decline and eventually went blind eyesight.
Prevention
- Use protective glasses to prevent trauma to the eye.
- Diabetics should control blood sugar levels closely.
If you have a risk of suffering from retinal ablatio retinas, eye check at least once a year.
